This indicator provides a measure of employment in R&D related to health in EU countries, showing whether we see job creation in this area to which the framework programmes may have contributed, and also indicating the scale and level of innovative activity in the health sector by country. Source: Eurostat
| Geo | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) | 67.9 | 67.7 | 67.5 | 68.3 | 69.1 | 70.2 | 71.4 | 72.4 | 73.2 | 72.4 |
| Euro area - 19 countries (from 2015) | 68.4 | 68.0 | 67.7 | 68.2 | 69.0 | 70.0 | 71.0 | 72.0 | 72.7 | 71.7 |
| Belgium | 67.3 | 67.2 | 67.2 | 67.3 | 67.2 | 67.7 | 68.5 | 69.7 | 70.5 | 70.0 |
| Bulgaria | 62.7 | 62.8 | 63.3 | 64.8 | 66.9 | 67.4 | 71.1 | 72.1 | 74.7 | 73.1 |
| Czechia | 70.9 | 71.5 | 72.5 | 73.5 | 74.8 | 76.7 | 78.5 | 79.9 | 80.3 | 79.7 |
| Denmark | 74.8 | 74.3 | 74.3 | 74.7 | 75.4 | 76.0 | 76.6 | 77.5 | 78.3 | 77.8 |
| Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG) | 76.5 | 76.9 | 77.3 | 77.7 | 78.0 | 78.6 | 79.2 | 79.9 | 80.6 | 80.0 |
| Estonia | 70.6 | 72.2 | 73.3 | 74.3 | 76.5 | 76.6 | 78.7 | 79.5 | 80.2 | 78.8 |
| Ireland | 64.6 | 64.5 | 66.5 | 68.1 | 69.9 | 71.4 | 73.0 | 74.1 | 75.1 | 73.4 |
| Greece | 59.3 | 54.5 | 52.5 | 53.1 | 54.8 | 55.9 | 57.4 | 59.0 | 60.8 | 58.3 |
| Spain | 62.0 | 59.6 | 58.6 | 59.9 | 62.0 | 63.9 | 65.5 | 67.0 | 68.0 | 65.7 |
| France | 69.5 | 69.7 | 69.7 | 70.0 | 70.3 | 70.7 | 71.3 | 72.0 | 72.3 | 72.1 |
| Croatia | 59.8 | 58.1 | 57.2 | 59.2 | 60.6 | 61.4 | 63.6 | 65.2 | 66.7 | 66.9 |
| Italy | 61.0 | 60.9 | 59.7 | 59.9 | 60.5 | 61.6 | 62.3 | 63.0 | 63.5 | 62.6 |
| Cyprus | 73.4 | 70.2 | 67.2 | 67.6 | 67.9 | 68.7 | 70.8 | 73.9 | 75.7 | 74.9 |
| Latvia | 66.1 | 67.9 | 69.5 | 70.6 | 72.5 | 73.0 | 74.6 | 76.8 | 77.3 | 76.9 |
| Lithuania | 66.9 | 68.5 | 69.9 | 71.8 | 73.3 | 75.2 | 76.0 | 77.8 | 78.2 | 76.7 |
| Luxembourg | 70.1 | 71.4 | 71.1 | 72.1 | 70.9 | 70.7 | 71.5 | 72.1 | 72.8 | 72.1 |
| Hungary | 62.8 | 63.8 | 65.2 | 68.7 | 70.9 | 73.7 | 75.4 | 76.7 | 77.6 | 77.5 |
| Malta | 61.6 | 63.9 | 66.2 | 67.9 | 69.0 | 71.1 | 73.0 | 75.5 | 76.8 | 77.3 |
| Netherlands | 76.4 | 76.6 | 75.9 | 75.4 | 76.4 | 77.1 | 78.0 | 79.2 | 80.1 | 80.0 |
| Austria | 74.2 | 74.4 | 74.6 | 74.2 | 74.3 | 74.8 | 75.4 | 76.2 | 76.8 | 74.8 |
| Poland | 64.5 | 64.7 | 64.9 | 66.5 | 67.8 | 69.3 | 70.9 | 72.2 | 73.0 | 73.6 |
| Portugal | 66.7 | 64.0 | 63.4 | 66.1 | 67.9 | 69.5 | 72.5 | 74.7 | 75.5 | 74.2 |
| Romania | 63.8 | 64.8 | 64.7 | 65.7 | 66.0 | 66.3 | 68.8 | 69.9 | 70.9 | 70.8 |
| Slovenia | 68.4 | 68.3 | 67.2 | 67.7 | 69.1 | 70.1 | 73.4 | 75.4 | 76.4 | 75.6 |
| Slovakia | 65.0 | 65.1 | 65.0 | 65.9 | 67.7 | 69.8 | 71.1 | 72.4 | 73.4 | 72.5 |
| Finland | 73.8 | 74.0 | 73.3 | 73.1 | 72.9 | 73.4 | 74.2 | 76.3 | 77.2 | 76.5 |
| Sweden | 79.4 | 79.4 | 79.8 | 80.0 | 80.5 | 81.2 | 81.8 | 82.4 | 82.1 | 80.8 |
| Iceland | 80.6 | 81.8 | 82.8 | 84.9 | 86.5 | 87.8 | 87.6 | 86.5 | 85.9 | 82.3 |
| Norway | 79.6 | 79.9 | 79.6 | 79.6 | 79.1 | 78.6 | 78.3 | 79.2 | 79.5 | 78.8 |
| Switzerland | 80.8 | 81.0 | 80.8 | 81.1 | 81.7 | 82.0 | 82.1 | 82.5 | 82.9 | 82.5 |
| Montenegro | 50.7 | 52.0 | 52.7 | 55.6 | 56.7 | 57.1 | 58.2 | 59.8 | 60.8 | 55.2 |
| North Macedonia | 48.4 | 48.2 | 50.3 | 51.3 | 51.9 | 53.3 | 54.8 | 56.1 | 59.2 | 59.1 |
| Serbia | - | - | - | 54.8 | 56.0 | 59.1 | 61.4 | 63.1 | 65.2 | 65.9 |
| Turkey | 52.2 | 52.8 | 53.4 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 54.4 | 55.3 | 55.6 | 53.8 | 51.0 |